镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制研究进展

 叶片在服役过程中主要承受〈001〉轴向的离心载荷，由离心应力导致的蠕变损伤是叶片的主要失效机制之一。基于单晶叶片的典型服役条件，总结了国内外关于高温低应力和中温高应力蠕变变形损伤机制的研究现状，指出深入开展含典型缺陷单晶高温合金蠕变行为、氧化和热腐蚀对单晶合金蠕变-疲劳变形损伤机制影响研究十分必要。     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

Methods for backcasting,nowcasting and forecasting using factor‐MIDAS: With an application to Korean GDP

We utilize mixed‐frequency factor‐MIDAS models for the purpose of carrying out backcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting experiments using real‐time data. We also introduce a new real‐time Korean GDP dataset, which is the focus of our experiments. The methodology that we utilize involves first estimating common latent factors (i.e., diffusion indices) from 190 monthly macroeconomic and financial series using various estimation strategies. These factors are then included, along with standard variables measured at multiple different frequencies, in various factor‐MIDAS prediction models. Our key empirical findings as follows. (i) When using real‐time data, factor‐MIDAS prediction models outperform various linear benchmark models. Interestingly, the “MSFE‐best” MIDAS models contain no autoregressive (AR) lag terms when backcasting and nowcasting. AR terms only begin to play a role in “true” forecasting contexts. (ii) Models that utilize only one or two factors are “MSFE‐best” at all forecasting horizons, but not at any backcasting and nowcasting horizons. In these latter contexts, much more heavily parametrized models with many factors are preferred. (iii) Real‐time data are crucial for forecasting Korean gross domestic product, and the use of “first available” versus “most recent” data “strongly” affects model selection and performance. (iv) Recursively estimated models are almost always “MSFE‐best,” and models estimated using autoregressive interpolation dominate those estimated using other interpolation methods. (v) Factors estimated using recursive principal component estimation methods have more predictive content than those estimated using a variety of other (more sophisticated) approaches. This result is particularly prevalent for our “MSFE‐best” factor‐MIDAS models, across virtually all forecast horizons, estimation schemes, and data vintages that are analyzed.     

检测器误差对路网流量推算影响的灵敏度分析

以路网检测器布设可测流问题中检测器误差对路网流量推算的影响为研究对象,采用基于交叉口转弯比的流量守恒方程和网络检测器布设模型,给出灵敏度分析方法并将其作为检测器误差分析的通用方法.将路段流量推算结果受误差源路段检测器误差的影响定义为关键系数,通过理论推导得出,多个误差源路段流量检测器误差对路网流量推算结果的影响为单个误差源路段流量检测器误差影响的线性叠加.最后以方格式路网为实例,采用在路网的只进和只出路段布设检测器两种方案,利用关键系数给出了检测路段流量误差对未检测路段流量推算的影响.     

数值流形位移法在岩体裂缝扩展中的应用

基于三角形网格,对裂缝扩展过程中流形单元变化情况进行了深入研究,从几何网格的角度对数值流形方法的连续与非连续统一处理方式进行解读.采用一阶覆盖函数,推导出数值流形算法的权函数表达式,建立局部位移函数.通过数值流形计算程序,得出裂缝尖端位移,并计算尖端应力强度因子.通过经典的中心裂纹板模型,对数值流形位移法求得的尖端应力强度因子进行验证,算例的数值解和解析解吻合度较高,证明数值流形法计算裂缝扩展的准确性,为裂纹扩展过程中尖端应力强度因子的求解提供了新的数值解法.     

内嵌CFRP板条加固损伤预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能

为研究超载状态下内嵌CFRP板条加固损伤预应力钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能,对6根预应力钢筋混凝土梁进行了抗弯试验.研究了损伤加固梁的破坏形态、加固梁的承载能力和刚度,探讨了超载重复次数、超载幅值和负载加固对梁抗弯性能的影响.试验结果表明:与未加固梁相比,加固后梁的承载能力和抗弯刚度显著提高,极限承载力提高幅度在7%~15%之间;超载重复次数、超载幅值和负载加固对加固梁的极限承载力影响较小;超载幅值和负载加固影响加固梁的刚度;建立的承载力计算公式合理,与试验结果相符.     

循环荷载作用下沥青混合料的黏弹塑性损伤本构模型

为较好描述损伤状态下沥青混合料的黏弹塑性应力-应变关系、明确动态循环荷载对其损伤本构关系的影响,利用经典黏弹塑性流变理论,在Burgers黏弹性模型上串联一个黏塑性元件,并根据损伤力学应变等效原理,建立了一个能体现动态循环荷载作用特点及能考虑加载频率影响的沥青混合料黏弹塑性损伤本构模型.同时进行间接拉伸疲劳试验,研究加载频率、环境温度、应力水平、沥青用量及沥青种类对混合料应力-应变关系的影响,并标定模型参数、验证模型的有效性.结果表明:所建模型不仅能较好描述沥青混合料在动态循环荷载作用下的损伤本构关系,还能体现加载频率、环境温度及荷载水平等因素对应力-应变关系的影响;模型参数意义明确、规律性强,值得进一步研究和推广.     

面向无人平台的室内精密定位与构图技术

针对无人作战平台在室内等复杂环境下的高精度定位与地图构建问题,提出了一种利用信标锚节点辅助的单目视觉同步定位与地图构建方法,该方法通过WLAN锚节点估计出单目视觉尺度因子并结合视觉传感参数,获取真实尺度空间下的定位位置,并利用因子图模型对WLAN定位和单目视觉定位结果进行最大后验概率准则下数据融合,从而获得精确的位置和构图信息。实验表明：文中所提出的方法较好地解决了传统单目视觉定位中的尺度不确定问题,定位精度达到分米级,扩展了单目视觉SLAM在真实尺度空间中的应用,在复杂环境下的无人侦察、搜救和打击等应用领域具有重要的工程和实践意义。     

丽水市黄村水库水系浮游动物生态特征及影响因子

2016年4月—2017年3月,每月对丽水市黄村水库流域浮游动物(包括轮虫、桡足类和枝角类)进行了调查,分析其群落结构的生态特征、水库与河道中群落时空分布差异性及其关键影响因子.结果显示:该水域共检出浮游动物37种,其中轮虫27种,桡足类5种,枝角类5种.基于浮游动物群落数据进行聚类分析,将所调查的水体区域分为4类:上游河道、大洋水库、(两水库间的)连接河道和黄村水库.4类区域的浮游动物群落在种类、多样性、优势种、生物量及特有种方面特征明显.黄村水库、大洋水库和连接河道均从上游河道处来水,但浮游动物群落结构却出现不同程度的差异性,表明浮游动物群落的构建过程与环境(局域物种分选过程)和空间(扩散限制)有着重要关联.     

Lemaitre损伤模型的两种数值算法及其对比

基于Lemaitre损伤模型,采用2种简化的本构积分算法,对三维应力状态下各向同性塑性损伤问题进行计算。利用MATLAB语言编写相应的求解程序,分析不同应力状态下材料的损伤破坏过程,对比2种算法的计算精度与计算效率。结果表明:2种本构积分算法的计算结果均与理论解一致,能够适用于复杂应力状态下三维结构损伤与破坏分析;相比于应力与损伤耦合更新的算法,在增量步内将应力与损伤解耦更新的弱耦合算法可以更好地提高计算效率。